![]() Choose the lowest best site for size catheter being inserted and type of therapy the patient will receive.Assess both arms and hand prior to choosing appropriate vein.Keep messages simple, and use interpreter to improve communication. If cultural barrier exists, take more time speak slowly and distinctly but not louder.Will the patient be going home with the catheter?.Has the patient had vascular access devices?.History of vasovagal reactions during venipuncture or when blood is seen.History of chronic disease that places patient at risk for complications.Evaluate the patient preparedness for IV procedure by talking with patient before assessing veins.A venipuncture can cause discomfort for a few seconds, but there should be no discomforts while the solution is flowing. Introduce self and verify the client’s identity.It’s important to also prepare the patient on the procedure. Patient Assessment and Psychological Preparation Catheter (22 g, 20 g, or 28 g most common)Ĥ.Gather venipuncture and dressing supplies.Choose the appropriate set: vented or nonvented.Plastic containers. Squeeze to check for pinholes, clarity, particulate contamination, and expiration date.Glass containers. Hold up to light to look for cracks, clarity, particulate contamination, and expiration date.Inspect solution container for integrity.Prepare and gather the equipment needed for starting the IV.Īlways check for the fluid’s expiration date. Do not wear artificial fingernails or extenders when having direct contact with patients at high risk.Decontaminate hands before having direct contact with patients.If hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol-based hand rub to avoid routinely contaminating hands in all other clinical situations.Wash hands with either a non antimicrobial soap and water or an antimicrobial soap and water when hands are visibly dirty or contaminated with blood or other body fluids.Indications for handwashing and hand antisepsis Duration of infusion or the time over which the infusion is to be completed.Exact amount (dose) of any medications to be added to a compatible solution either hourly or 24-hour volume.Review Physician’s OrderĪ physician’s order is necessary to initiate IV therapy. Because of this property colloids are used to replace lost blood, maintain healthy blood pressure, and volume expansion. Colloids have large particles in them so they are not as easily absorbed into the vascular bed. Another difference is that crystalloids generally are much cheaper than colloids. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, while, on the other hand, this parameter is decreased by crystalloids due to hemodilution. Crystalloids are commonly used for rehydration, and electrolyte replacement.Ĭolloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin blood itself is a colloid. Intravenous fluids must always be sterile. ![]() The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of the medications being given. A solution of 5% dextrose in water, sometimes called D5W, is often used instead if the patient is at risk for having low blood sugar or high sodium. Ringer’s lactate or Ringer’s acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood (isotonic). There are two types of fluids that are used for intravenous drips crystalloids and colloids.Ĭrystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. SEE ALSO: IV Fluids and Solution Cheat Sheet To establish a lifeline for rapidly needed medications.To provide water-soluble vitamins and medications.To provide glucose (dextrose), the main fuel for metabolism.To provide salts and other electrolytes needed to maintain electrolyte imbalance.To supply fluid when clients are unable to take in an adequate volume of fluids by mouth.Catheter Stabilization and Dressing Management Therapies administered intravenously are often called specialty pharmaceuticals.Ĭompared with other routes of administration, the intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body. The word intravenous simply means “within a vein”, but is most commonly used to refer to IV therapy. It can be intermittent or continuous continuous administration is called an intravenous drip. Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of liquid substances directly into a vein.
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